The application of biotechnology in oil and gas industries is a rather new topic. However, there are numerous research projects under investigation in this field. Yet the application of such research in industry is insignificant at present time.

In the oil processing or refining industry, too, we are now assisting to the creation of grass roots export refineries in upstream locations, close to oil production sites, specifically developed to serve distant markets overseas.

The challenges facing to hydroprocessing technology which are tightly coupled with those changing trends will orient and figure the future hydroprocessing technology development.

The recent dispute between Russia and Georgia has focused the world’s attention on a region of the world that is playing an increasingly important role in the energy balance.

Among the alternative contract strategies, this study has focused particularly on “Project Alliance Contract” method as a productive contract strategy for Iran oil refinery projects.

Oil Industry Economics highlight an high incentive in recovering more gasoline and distillates from currently refined oil quantities, improving the overall refining efficiency.

Working in collaboration with contracting partners in Iran, KBC has been closely involved in the development of three grass roots new refinery projects.

Removal of mercury is advisable to mitigate several serious problems that it can cause with regard to corrosion, poisoning of catalysts, meeting product specification and HSE directives.